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Publications

Books

  • Zalom, F. G. and Fry, W. E., Eds. 1992. Food, Crop Pests, and the Environment. St. Paul, MN, American Phytopathological Society Press. 179p.
  • Leonard, K. J. & W. E. Fry.  (eds.)  1988.  Plant disease epidemiology.  Vol. 2.  Genetics, Resistance, and Management, McGraw Hill, New York.  377 pp.
  • Leonard, K. J. & W. E. Fry.  (eds.)  1986.  Plant Disease Epidemiology.  Vol. 1.  Population Dynamics and Management.  Macmillan, New York.  372 pp.
  • Fry, W. E.  1982.  Principles of Plant Disease Management.  Academic Press, NY. 378 p.

Research Papers in Refereed Journals

2015

  • Fry, W., P. Birch, H. Judelson, N. J. Grünwald, G. Danies, K. L. Everts, A. J. Gevens, B. Gugino, D. A. Johnson, S. B. Johnson, M. McGrath, K. L. Myers, J. B. Ristaino, G. A. Secor and C. D. Smart (2015). "Re-emerging Phytophthora infestans." Phytopathology (First Look).
  • Matson, M. E. H., I. M. Small, W. E. Fry and H. S. Judelson (2015). "Metalaxyl resistance in Phytophthora infestans:  assessing role of RPA190 gene and diversity within clonal lineages." Phytopathology 105 1594-1600.
  • Small, I. M., L. Joseph and W. E. Fry (2015). "Evaluation of the BlightPro Decision Support System for Management of Potato Late Blight Using Computer Simulation and Field Validation." Phytopathology 105 1545-1554.
  • Saville, A., K. Graham, N. Gru¨nwald, K. Myers, W. E. Fry and J. B. Ristaino (2015). "Fungicide sensitivity of US genotypes of Phytophthora infestans (Mont.) de Bary to six oomycete-targeted compounds.." Plant Disease 99: (659-666)  doi/pdf/10.1094/PDIS-05-14-0452-RE.
  • Zuluaga, A. P., J. C. Vega-Arreguín, Z. Fei, A. J. Matas, S. Patev, W. E. Fry and J. K. C. Rose (2015). "Analysis of the Tomato Leaf Transcriptome During Successive Hemibiotrophic Stages of a Compatible Interaction with the Oomycete Pathogen Phytophthora infestans." Molecular Plant Pathology 17:29-41.
  • Zuluaga, A. P., J. C. Vega-Arreguín, Z. Fei, L. Ponnala, S. J. Lee, A. J. Matas, S. Patev, W. E. Fry and J. K. C. Rose (2015). "Transcriptional Dynamics of Phytophthora infestans During Sequential Stages of Hemibiotrophic Infection of Tomato." Molecular Plant Pathology 17: 42-54.

2014

  • Childers, R., G. Danies, K. Myers, Z. Fei, I. M. Small and W. E. Fry (2014). "Acquired Resistance to Mefenoxam in Sensitive Isolates of Phytophthora infestans. " Phytopathology 105: doi/pdf/10.1094/PHYTO-05-14-0148-R
  • Danies, G., K. Myers, M. Mideros, S. Restrepo, F. N. Martin, D. E. L. Cooke, C. D. Smart, J. B. Ristaino, A. J. Seaman, B. K. Gugino, N. J. Grünwald and W. E. Fry (2014). "An ephemeral sexual population of Phytophthora infestans in the northeastern United States and Canada " PLoS ONE. 9(12): e116354. doi:10.1371/journal.pone. 0116354.
  • Hansen, Z. R., I. M. Small, M. Mutschler, W. E. Fry and C. D. Smart (2014). "Differential Susceptibility of 39 Tomato Varieties to Phytophthora infestans Clonal Lineage US-23." Plant Disease 98(12):1666-1670.
  • García-Bayona, L., M. F. Garavito, G. L. Lozano, J. J. Vasquez, K. Myers, W. E. Fry, A. Bernal, B. H. Zimmermann and S. Restrepo. 2014. "De novo pyrimidine biosynthesis in the oomycete plant pathogen Phytophthora infestans." Gene 0):
  • Chowdappa, P., B. J. Nirmal Kumar, S. Madhura, S. P. Mohan Kumar, K. L. Myers, W. E. Fry and D. E. L. Cooke (2014). "Severe outbreaks of late blight on potato and tomato in South India caused by recent changes in the Phytophthora infestans population.” Plant Pathology
  • Goss, E. M., J. F. Tabima, D. E. L. Cooke, S. Restrepo, W. E. Fry, G. A. Forbes, V. J. Fieland, M. Cardenas and N. J. Grünwald (2014). "The Irish potato famine pathogen Phytophthora infestans originated in central Mexico rather than the Andes." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 111(24):8791-8796.
  • Kamoun, S., O. Furzer, J. D. G. Jones, H. S. Judelson, G. S. Ali, R. J. D. Dalio, S. G. Roy, L. Schena, A. Zambounis, F. Panabières, D. Cahill, M. Ruocco, A. Figueiredo, X.-R. Chen, J. Hulvey, R. Stam, K. Lamour, M. Gijzen, B. M. Tyler, N. J. Grünwald, M. S. Mukhtar, D. F. A. Tomé, M. Tör, G. Van den Ackerveken, J. McDowell, F. Daayf, W. E. Fry, H. Lindqvist-Kreuze, H. J. G. Meijer, B. Petre, J. Ristaino, K. Yoshida, P. R. J. Birch and F. Govers (2014). "The Top 10 oomycete pathogens in molecular plant pathology." Molecular Plant Pathology n/a-n/a.
  • Childers, R., G. Danies, K. Myers, Z. Fei, I. M. Small and W. E. Fry (2014?). "Acquired Resistance to Mefenoxam in Sensitive Isolates of Phytophthora infestans.  " Phytopathology (accepted)

 

2013

  • Danies, G., Small, I. M., Myers, K., Childers, R. and Fry, W. E. 2013. Phentoypic characterization od recent clonal lineages of Phytophthora infestans in the United States. Plant Disease 97: 873-881. (Available as PDF)
  • Fry, W. E., M. T. McGrath, A. Seaman, T. A. Zitter, A. McLeod, G. Danies, I. M. Small, K. Myers, K. Everts, A. J. Gevens, B. K. Gugino, S. B. Johnson, H. Judelson, J.  Ristaino, P. Roberts, G. Secor, K.  Seebold, K. Snover-Clift, A. Wyenandt, N. J.  Grünwald and C. D. Smart (2013). "The 2009 Late Blight Pandemic in the Eastern United States – Causes and Results." Plant Disease 97(3): 296-306. (Available as PDF)
  • Zuluaga, A. P., J. C. Vega-Arreguín and W. E. Fry (2013). "Transcriptome profile of acibenzolar-S-methyl-induced genes in tomato suggests a complex polygenic effect on resistance to Phytophthora infestans." Physiological and Molecular Plant Pathology 81: 97-106.
  • Cai, G., J. F. Krychiw, K. Myers, W. E. Fry and B. I. Hillman (2013). "A new virus from the plant pathogenic oomycete Phytophthora infestans with an 8 kb dsRNA genome: the sixth member of a proposed new virus genus." Virology 435(2): 341-349.

2012

  • Pallem, C., B. J. Nirmal Kumar, S. Madhura, S. P. Mohan Kumar, K. Myers, W. E. Fry, J. Squires and D. E. L. Cooke (2012). "Emergence of 13_A2 blue lineage of Phytophthora infestans was responsible for severe outbreaks of late blight on tomato in South-West India." Journal of Phytopathology 161: 49-58.
  • Pule, B. B., J. C. Meitz, A. H. Thompson, C. C. Linde, W. E. Fry, S. D. Langenhoven, K. L. Meyers, D. S. Kandolo, N. C. van Rij and A. McLeod (2013). "Phytophthora infestans populations in central, eastern and southern African countries consist of two major clonal lineages." Plant Pathology Doi: 10.1111/j.1365-3059.2012.02608.x
  • Cai, G., S. Restrepo, K. Myers, A. P. Zuluaga, G. Danies, C. D. Smart and W. Fry (2013). "Gene profiling in partially resistant and susceptible near-isogenic tomatoes in response to late blight in the field”.  Molecular Plant Pathology 14: 171-184.
  • Hu, C. H., F. G. Perez, R. Donahoo, A. McLeod, K. Myers, K. Ivors, G. Secor, P. D. Roberts, K. L. Deahl, W. E. Fry and J. B. Ristaino (2012). "Recent Genotypes of Phytophthora infestans in the Eastern United States Reveal Clonal Populations and Reappearance of Mefenoxam Sensitivity." Plant Disease 96(9): 1323-1330.
  • Cardenas, M. J., J. Tabima, W. E. Fry, N. J. Grunwald, A. Bernal and S. Restrepo (2012) "Defining species boundaries in the genus Phytophthora: the case of Phytophthora andina; a response to "Phytophthora andina sp. nov., a newly identified heterothallic pathogen of solanaceous hosts in the Andean highlands (Oliva et al 2010)." Plant Pathology. Doi: 10.1111/j.1365-3059.2011.02530.x
  • Cai, G., K. Myers, W. E. Fry and B. I. Hillman (2012). "A member of the virus family Narnaviridae from the plant pathogenic oomycete Phytophthora infestans." Archives of Virology 157: 165-169. Doi: 10.1007/s00705-011-1126-5

                                                                  2011

  • Goss, E. M., M. E. Cardenas, K. Myers, G. A. Forbes, W. E. Fry, S. Restrepo and N. J. Grunwald (2011). "The Plant Pathogen Phytophthora andina Emerged via Hybridization of an Unknown Phytophthora Species and the Irish Potato Famine Pathogen, P. infestans." PLoS ONE 6(9): e24543. Doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0024543
  • Mayton, H., G. Rauscher, I. Simko and W. E. Fry (2011). "Evaluation of the RPi-ber late blight resistance gene for tuber resistance in the field and laboratory." Plant Breeding 130(4): 464-468.

2010

  • Rauscher, G., I. Simko, H. Mayton, M. Bonierbale, C. D. Smart, N. J. Grunwald, A. Greenland and W. E. Fry (2010). "Quantitative resistance to late blight from Solanum berthaultii cosegregates with Rpi-ber: insights in stability through isolates and environment." Theoretical and Applied Genetics 121: 1553-1567.
  • Manosalva, P. M., S. W. Park, F. Forouhar, L. Tong, W. E. Fry and D. F. Klessig (2010). "Methyl Esterase 1 (StMES1) Is Required for Systemic Acquired Resistance in Potato." Molecular Plant-Microbe Interactions 23(9): 1151-1163.
  • Frenkel, O., U. Yermiyahu, G. A. Forbes, W. E. Fry and D. Shtienberg (2010). "Restriction of potato and tomato late blight development by sub-phytotoxic concentrations of boron." Plant Pathology 59(4): 626-633.
  • Runno-Paurson, E., W. E. Fry, T. Remmel, M. Mand and K. L. Myers (2010). "Phenotypic and genotypic characterisation of Estonian isolates of Phytophthora infestans in 2004-2007." European Journal of Plant Pathology 92(2): 375-384.

2009

  • Haas, B. J., Kamoun, S., Zody, M. C., Jiang, R. H. Y., Handsaker, R. E., Cano, L. M., Grabherr, M., Kodira, C. D., Raffaele, S., Torto-Alalibo, T., Bozkurt, T. O., Ah-Fong, A. M. V., Alvarado, L., Anderson, V. L., Armstrong, M. R., Avrova, A., Baxter, L., Beynon, J., Boevink, P. C., Bollmann, S. R., Bos, J. I. B., Bulone, V., Cai, G., Cakir, C., Carrington, J. C., Chawner, M., Conti, L., Costanzo, S., Ewan, R., Fahlgren, N., Fischbach, M. A., Fugelstad, J., Gilroy, E. M., Gnerre, S., Green, P. J., Grenville-Briggs, L. J., Griffith, J., Grunwald, N. J., Horn, K., Horner, N. R., Hu, C.-H., Huitema, E., Jeong, D.-H., Jones, A. M. E., Jones, J. D. G., Jones, R. W., Karlsson, E. K., Kunjeti, S. G., Lamour, K., Liu, Z., Ma, L., MacLean, D., Chibucos, M. C., McDonald, H., McWalters, J., Meijer, H. J. G., Morgan, W., Morris, P. F., Munro, C. A., O’Neill, K., Ospina-Giraldo, M., Pinzon, A., Pritchard, L., Ramsahoye, B., Ren, Q., Restrepo, S., Roy, S., Sadanandom, A., Savidor, A., Schornack, S., Schwartz, D. C., Schumann, U. D., Schwessinger, B., Seyer, L., Sharpe, T., Silvar, C., Song, J., Studholme, D. J., Sykes, S., Thines, M., van de Vondervoort, P. J. I., Phuntumart, V., Wawra, S., Weide, R., Win, J., Young, C., Zhou, S., Fry, W., Meyers, B. C., van West, P., Ristaino, J., Govers, F., Birch, P. R. J., Whisson, S. C., Judelson, H. S. and Nusbaum, C. (2009). Genome sequence and analysis of the Irish potato famine pathogen Phytophthora infestans. Nature 461(7262): 393-398.
  • Cai, G., Myers, K., Hillman, B. I. and Fry, W. E. (2009). A novel virus of the late blight pathogen, Phytophthora infestans, with two RNA segments and a supergroup 1 RNA-dependent RNA polymerase. Virology 392: 52-61.
  • Mayton, H., Griffiths, H., Simko, I., Cheng, S., Lorenzen, J., De Jong, W. and Fry, W. E. (2009). Foliar and tuber late blight resistance in a Solanum tuberosum breeding population. Plant Breeding 129(2): 197-201.  
  • Runno-Paurson, E., Fry, W. E., Myers, K. L., Koppel, M. and Mänd, M. (2009). Characterization of Phytophthora infestans isolates collected from potato in Estonia during 2002–2003. European Journal of Plant Pathology 124: 565-575.
  • Vargas, A. M., Ocampo, L. M. Q., Cespedes, M. C., Carreno, N., Gonzalez, A., Rojas, A., Zuluaga, A. P., Myers, K., Fry, W. E., Jimenez, P., Bernal, A. J. and Restrepo, S. (2009). Characterization of Phytophthora infestans Populations in Colombia: First Report of the A2 Mating Type. Phytopathology 99(1): 82-88.

2008

  • Fry, W. E. (2008 (listed as 2007)). Canon of Potato Science: 10. Late Blight and Early Blight. Potato Research 50: 243-245.
  • McLeod, A., Fry, B., Zuluaga, A. P., Myers, K. and Fry, W. (2008). Towards improvements of oomycete transformation protocols. Eukaryotic Microbiology 55: 103-109.
  • Fry, W. E. (2008). Phytophthora infestans, the crop (and R gene) destroyer. Molecular Plant Pathology 9: 385-402.
  • Mayton, H., Myers, K. and Fry, W. E. (2008). Potato late blight in tubers - the role of foliar phosphonate applications in suppressing pre-harvest tuber infections. Crop Protection 27: 943-950.

2007

  • Tauer, L. W., Fried, H. O. and Fry, W. E. (2007). Measuring Efficiencies of Academic Departments Within a College. Education Economics 15: 473-489.
  • Smart, C. D., Tanksley, S. D., Mayton, H. and Fry, W. E. (2007). Resistance to Phytophthora infestans in Lycopersicon pennellii. Plant Disease 91(8): 1045-1049.

2006

  • Grunwald, N. J., Sturbaum, A. K., Montes, G. R., Serrano, E. G., Lozoya-Saldana, H. and Fry, W. E. (2006). "Selection for fungicide resistance within a growing season in field populations of Phytophthora infestans at the center of origin." Phytopathology 96: 1397-1403.
  • Rauscher, G. M., C. D. Smart  I. Simko, M. Bonierbale,  H. Mayton,  A. Greenland ,  W. E. Fry (2006). Characterization and mapping of RPi-ber, a novel potato late blight resistance gene from Solanum berthaultiiTheor Appl Genet 112: 674-687.
  • Becktell, M. C., C. D. Smart, C. H. Haney and W. E. Fry (2006). "Host-pathogen interactions between Phytophthora infestans and the solanaceous hosts Calibrachoa x hybridus, Petunia x hybrida and Nicotiana benthamiana." Plant Disease 90: 24-32.

2005

  • Kuang, H., Wei, F., Marano, M. R., Wirtz, U., Wang, X., Liu, J., Shum, W. P., Zaborsky, J., Tallon, L. J., Rensink, W., Lobst, S., Zhang, P., Tornqvist, C.-E., Tek, A., Bamberg, J., Helgeson, J., Fry, W., You, F., Luo, M.-C., Jiang, J., C., R. B. and Baker, B. (2005). The R1 resistance gene cluster contains three groups of independently evolving, type I R1 homologues and shows substantial structural variation among haplotypes of Solanum demissum. The Plant Journal 44(1): 37-51.
  • Andrade-Piedra, J. L., Forbes, G. A., Shtienberg, D., Grünwald, N. J.,Chacón, M. G., Taipe, M. V., Hijmans, R. J., and Fry, W. E. (2005). Qualification of a plant disease simulation model: Performance of the LATEBLIGHT model across a broad range of environments. Phytopathology 95:1412-1422.
  • Restrepo, S., K. L. Myers, O. del Pozo, G. B. Martin, A. L. Hart, C. R. Buell, W. E. Fry and C. D. Smart (2005). "Gene Profiling of a Compatible Interaction Between Phytophthora infestans and Solanum tuberosum Suggests a Role for Carbonic Anhydrase." Molecular Plant Microbe Interactions: 18: 913-922.
  • Forbes, G. A., M. G. Chacon, H. G. Kirk, M. A. Huarte, M. Van Damme, S. Distel, G. Mackay, H. E. Stewart, R. Lowe, J. M. Duncan, H. Mayton, W. E. Fry, D. Andrivon, D. Ellisseche, R. Pelle, H. W. Platt, G. MacKenzie, T. R. Tarn, L. T. Colon, D. J. Budding, H. Lozoya-Saldana, A. Hernandez-Vilchis and S. Capezio (2005). "Stability of resistance to Phytophthora infestans in potato: an international evaluation." Plant Pathology 54: 364-372.
  • Becktell, M. C., M. L. Daughtrey and W. E. Fry (2005). "Temperature and leaf wetness requirements for pathogen establishment, incubation period and sporulation of Phytophthora infestans on Petunia x hybrida." Plant Disease 89: 975-979.
  • Becktell, M. C., M. L. Daughtrey and W. E. Fry (2005). "Epidemiology and management of petunia and tomato late blight in the greenhouse." Plant Disease 89: 1000-1008.
  • Andrade-Piedra, J., R. J. Hijmans, H. S. Juarez, G. A. Forbes, D. Shtienberg and W. E. Fry (2005). "Simulation of potato late blight in the Andes: II. Validation of the LATEBLIGHT model." Phytopathology 95: 1200-1208.
  • Andrade-Piedra, J., R. J. Hijmans, G. A. Forbes, W. E. Fry and R. J. Nelson (2005). "Simulation of potato late blight in the Andes: I, Modification and parameterization of the LATEBLIGHT model." Phytopathology 95: 1191-1199.
  • Zhang, D., M. T. Wells, C. D. Smart and W. E. Fry (2005). "Bayesian normalization and identification for differential gene expression data." Journal of Computational Biology 12: 391-406.
  • McLeod, A., Smart, C. D., and Fry, W. E. (2004). Core promoter structure in the oomycete Phytophthora infestans. Eukaryotic Cell 3: 91-99.

2004

  • Fernandez-Pavia, S. P., N. J. Grunwald, M. Diaz-Valasis, M. A. Cadena-Hinojosa and W. E. Fry (2004). "Soil-borne oospores of Phytophthora infestans in central Mexico survive winter fall and infect potato plants in the field." Plant Disease: 88: 29-33. 

2003

  • Reis, A., C. D. Smart, W. E. Fry, L. A. Maffia and E. S. G. Mizubuti (2003). "Characterization of isolates of Phytophthora infestans from southern and southeastern brazil from 1998-2000." Plant Disease 87: 896-900.
  • Flier, W. G., N. J. Grunwald, L. P. N. M. Kroon, A. K. Sturbaum, T. B. M. van den Bosch, E. Garay-Serrano, H. Lozoya-Saldana, W. E. Fry and L. J. Turkensteen (2003). "The population structure of Phytophthora infestans from the Toluca Valley of central Mexico suggests genetic differentiation between populations from cultivated potato and wild Solanum spp." Phytopathology 93: 382-390.
  • Ronning, C. M., S. Stegalkina, R. Ascenzi, O. Bougri, A. Hart, T. Utterbach, S. Vanaken, S. Riedmuller, J. White, J. Cho, G. Pertea, Y. Lee, S. Karamycheva, R. Sultana, J. Tsai, J. Quackenbush, H. Griffiths, S. Restrepo, C. D. Smart, W. E. Fry, R. van der Hoeven, S. Tanksley, P. Zhang, H. Jin, M. Yamamoto, B. Baker and C. R. Buell (2003). "Comparative Analyses of Potato (Solanum tuberosum) EST libraries." Plant Physiology 131: 419-429.
  • Grunwald, N. J., S. B. Goodwin, M. G. Milgroom and W. E. Fry (2003). "Analysis of Genotypic Diversity Data for Populations of Microorganisms." Phytopathology 93: 738-746.
  • Smart, C. D., K. L. Myers, S. Restrepo, G. B. Martin and W. E. Fry (2003). "Partial resistance of tomato to Phytophthora infestans is not dependent upon ethylene, jasmonic acid or salicyclic acid signalling pathways." Molecular Plant Microbe Interactions: 16: 141-148.
  • McLeod, A., C. D. Smart, and W. E. Fry, (2003)  "Characterization of 1, 3-(Beta)-Glucanase and 1, 3; 1, 4-(Beta)-Glucanase Genes from Phytophthora infestans" Fungal Genetics and Biology 38: 250-263.

2002

  • Haynes, K. G., B. J. Christ, D. P. Weingartner, D. S. Douches, C. A. Thill, G. Secor, W. E. Fry and D. H. Lambert (2002). "Foliar resistance to late blight in potato clones evaluated in national trials in 1997." American Journal of Potato Research 79(6): 451-457.
  • Grunwald, N. J., G. Romero-Montes, H. Lozoya-Saldana, O. A. Rubio-Covarrubias and W. E. Fry (2002). "Potato late blight management in the Toluca Valley: Field validation of SimCast modified for cultivars with high field resistance." Plant Disease 86: 1163-1168.
  • Lee, T. Y., I. Simko and W. E. Fry (2002). "Genetic control of aggressiveness to tomato in Phytophthora infestans." Canadian Journal of Plant Pathology 24: 471-480.
  • Gavino, P. D. and W. E. Fry (2002). "Diversity in and evidence for selection on the mitochondrial genome of Phytophthora infestans." Mycologia: 94:  781-793.
  • Grunwald, N. J., M. A. Cadena-Hinojosa, O. Rubio-Covarrubias, A. Rivera-Pena, J. S. Niederhauser and W. E. Fry (2002). "Potato cultivars from the Mexican national potato program: Sources and durability of resistance against late blight." Phytopathology 92: (688-693).

2001

  • Smart, C. D. and W. E. Fry (2001). "Invasions by the late blight pathogen: renewed sex and enhanced fitness." Biological Invasions 3: 235-243 (actual appearance date is 2002).
  • Fry, W. E. (2001). "Molecular tools in epidemiology of plant diseases with special reference to potato-Phytophthora infestans pathosystem." Plant Disease Research 16(1): 1-9.
  • Flier, W. G., N. J. Grünwald, W. E. Fry and L. J. Turkensteen (2001). "Formation, production and viability of oospores of Phytophthora infestans from potato and Solanum demissum in the Toluca Valley, central Mexico." Mycological Research 105: 998-1006.
  • Aylor, D. E., Fry, W. E., Mayton, H. and Andrade-Piedra, J. (2001). Quantifying the rate of release and escape of Phytophthora infestans sporangia from a potato canopy. Phytopathology 91: 1189-1196.
  • Grünwald, N. J., Flier, W. G., Sturbaum, A. K., Garay-Serrano, E., van den Bosch, T. B. M., Smart, C. D., Matuszak, J. M., Lozoya-Saldaña, H., Turkensteen, L. J. and Fry, W. E. (2001). Population structure of Phytophthora infestans in the Toluca Valley region of Central Mexico. Phytopathology 91: 882-890.
  • Mayton, H., Forbes, G. A., Mizubuti, E. S. G. and Fry, W. E. (2001). The roles of three fungicides in the epidemiology of potato late blight. Plant Disease 85: 1006-1012.
  • Elansky, S., Smirnov, A., Dyakov, Y., Dolgova, A., Filippov, A., Kozlovsky, B., Kozlovskaya, I., Russo, P., Smart, C., and Fry, W. (2001). Genotypic analysis of Russian isolates of Phytophthora infestans from the Moscow region, Siberia and Far East.  Journal of Phytopathology 149: 605-611.

2000

  • Mayton, H., Smart, C. D., Moravec, B. C., Mizubuti, E. S. G., Muldoon, A. E. and Fry, W. E. (2000). Oospore survival and pathogenicity of single oospore recombinant progeny from a cross involving the US-8 and US-17 lineages of Phytophthora infestans. Plant Disease 84: 1190-1196.
  • Smart, C. D., Mayton, H., Mizubuti, E. S. G., Willmann, M. R. and Fry, W. E. (2000). Environmental and genetic factors influencing self-fertility in Phytophthora infestans. Phytopathology 90: 987-994.
  • Gavino, P. D., Smart, C. D., Sandrock, R. W., Miller, J. S., Hamm, P. B., Lee, T. Y., Davis, R. M. and Fry, W. E. (2000). Implications of sexual reproduction for Phytophthora infestans in the United States: generation of an aggressive lineage. Plant Disease 84: 731-735.
  • Grünwald, N. J., Rubio-Covarrubias, O. A., and Fry, W. E. .2000. “Potato Late Blight management in the Toluca Valley: Forecasts and resistant cultivars.” Plant Disease 84: 410-416.
  • Vega-Sanchez, M. E., L. J. Erselius, A. M. Rodriguez, O. Bastidas, H. R. Hohl, P. S. Ojiambo, J. Mukalazi, T. Vermeulen, W. E. Fry and G. A. Forbes (2000). “Host adaptation to potato and tomato within the US-1 clonal lineage of Phytophthora infestans in Uganda and Kenya.” Plant Pathology 49: 531-539.
  • Ordonez, M. E., Hohl, H. R., Velasco, A., Ramon, M. P., Oyazun, P. J., Smart, C. D., Fry, W. E., Forbes, G. A, and Erselius, L. J. (2000). A novel A2 population of Phytophthora similar to P.  infestans attacks wild Solanum species in Ecuador. Phytopathology 90: 197-202.
  • Mizubuti, E. S. G., Aylor, D. E. and Fry, W. E. (2000). Survival of Phytophthora infestans sporangia exposed to solar radiation. Phytopathology 90: 78-84.
  • Ewing, E. E., Simko, I., Smart, C. D., Bonierbale, M. W., G., E. S., Mizubuti, E. S. G., May, G. D. and Fry, W. E. (2000). Genetic mapping from field tests of qualitative and quantitative resistance to Phytophthora infestans in a population derived from Solanum tuberosum and Solanum berthaultii. Molecular Breeding 6: 25-36.

1999

  • van West, P., Reid, B., Campbell, T. A., Sandrock, R. W., Fry, W. E., Kamoun, S. and Gow, N. A. R. (1999). “Green  fluorescent  protein (GFP) as a reporter gene for the plant pathogenic oomycete Phytophthora palmivora.FEMS Microbiology Letters 178: 71-80.
  • Dorrance, A. E., Inglis, D. A., Derie, M. L., Brown, C. R., Goodwin, S. B., Fry, W. E. and Deahl, K. L. (1999). Characterization of Phytophthora infestans populations in western Washington. Plant Disease 83: 423-428.
  • Goodwin, S. B., Legard, D.E., Smart, C. D., Levy, M. and Fry, W. E. (1999). Gene flow analysis of molecular markers confirms that Phytophthora mirabilis and P. infestans are separate species.  Mycologia 91: 796-810.
  • Lee, T. Y., Mizubuti, E. and Fry, W. E. (1999). “Genetics of metalaxyl resistance in Phytophthora infestans.” Fungal Genetics and Biology 26: 118-130.

1998

  • Smart, C. D., M. R. Willmann, Mayton, H., Mizubuti, E. S. G., Sandrock, R. W., Muldoon, A. E., and Fry, W. E. (1998). “Self-fertility in two clonal lineages of Phytophthora infestans.” Fungal Genetics and Biology 25: 134-142.
  • Haynes, K. G., Lambert, D. H., Christ, B. J., Weingartner, D. P., Douches, D. S., Backlund, J. E., Secor, G., Fry, W. E. and Stevenson, W. (1998). “Phenotypic stability of resistance to late blight in potato clones evaluated at eight sites in the United States.” American Journal of Potato Research 75: 211-218.
  • Mizibuti, E. S. G. and Fry, W. E. (1998). Temperature effects on developmental stages of isolates of three clonal lineages of Phytophthora infestans. Phytopathology 88: 837-843.
  • Goodwin, S. B., Smart, C. D., Sandrock, R. W., Deahl, K. L., Punja, Z. K. and Fry, W. E. (1998). Genetic change within populations of Phytophthora infestans in the United States and Canada during 1994 to 1996: Role of migration and recombination. Phytopathology 88: 939-949.
  • Forbes, G. A., Goodwin, S. B., Drenth, A., Oyarzun, P., Ordonez, M. E. and Fry, W. E. (1998). A global marker database for Phytophthora infestans. Plant Disease 82: 811-818.

1997

  • Fry, W. E. and Goodwin, S. B. (1997). Re-emergence of potato and tomato late blight in the United States and Canada. Plant Disease 81: 1349-1357.
  • Kato, M., Mizubuti, E. S. G., Goodwin, S. B. and Fry, W. E. (1997) Sensitivity to protectant fungicides and pathogenic fitness of clonal lineages of Phytophthora infestans in the United States. Phytopathology 87: 973-978.
  • Forbes, G.A., Escobar, X.C., Ayala, C.C., Revelo, J., Ordonez, M.E., Fry, B.A., Doucett, K., and Fry, W.E. (1997). Population genetic structure of Phytophthora infestans in Ecuador. Phytopathology 87: 375-380.
  • Fry, W.E. and Goodwin, S.B. (1997). Resurgence of theIrish Potato Famine Fungus. Bioscience 47: 363-371.

1996

  • Fry, W.E. (1996). Emerging and reemerging disease of plants. American Society for Microbiology News 62(11): 595-597.
  • Blanchinski, D., Shtienberg, D., Dinoor, A., Kafkafi, U., Sujkowski, L.S., and Fry, W.E. (1996). Influence of foliar application of nitrogen and potassium on Alternaria diseases in potato, tomato, and cotton. Phytoparasitica 24(4): 281-292.
  • Sujkowski, L. S., Goodwin, S. B. and Fry, W. E. (1996). Changes in specific virulence in Polish populations of Phytophthora infestans:  1985-1991. European Journal of Plant Pathology 102: 555-561.
  • Legard, D. E. and W. E. Fry (1996). Evaluation of field experiments by direct allozyme analysis of late blight lesions caused by Phytophthora infestans. Mycologia 88:  608-612. 
  • Goodwin, S. B., Sujkowski, L. S., and Fry, W. E. 1996. Widespread distribution and probable origin of resistance to metalaxyl in clonal genotypes of Phytophthora infestans in the United States and western Canada. Phytopathology 86: 793-800.
  • Inglis, D. A., Johnson, D. A., Legard, D. E., Fry, W. E., and Hamm, P. B. (1996). Relative resistances of potato cultivars to new populations of Phytophthora infestans. Plant Disease 80:  575-578.

1995

  • Sujkowski, L. S., Fry, B. A., Power, R. J., Goodwin, S. B., Peever, T. L., Hamlen, R. A. and Fry, W. E. (1995). Sensitivities of Mexican isolates of Phytophthora infestans to chlorothalonil, cymoxanil, and metalaxyl. Plant Disease 79: 1117-1120.
  • Legard, D. E., Lee, T. Y. and Fry, W. E. (1995). Pathogenic specialization in Phytophthora infestans: aggressiveness on tomato. Phytopathology 85: 1362-1367.
  • Goodwin, S. B., Schneider, R. E. and Fry, W. E. (1995). Cellulose‑acetate electrophoresis provides rapid identification of allozyme genotypes of Phytophthora infestans. Plant Disease 79: 1181-1185.
  • Goodwin, S. B., Sujkowski, L. S. and Fry, W. E. (1995). Rapid evolution of pathogenicity within clonal lineages of the potato late blight disease fungus. Phytopathology 85: 669‑676.
  • Goodwin, S. B., Sujkowski, L. S., Dyer, A. T., Fry, B. A. and Fry, W. E. (1995). Direct detection of gene flow and probable sexual reproduction of Phytophthora infestans in northern North America. Phytopathology 85: 473-479.

1994

  • Goodwin, S. B., Cohen, B. A. and Fry, W. E. (1994). Panglobal distribution of a single clonal lineage of the Irish potato famine fungus. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci USA 91: 11591‑11595.
  • Matuszak, J. M., Fernandez-Elquezabal, J., Gu, W. K., Villarreal-Gonzalez, M., and Fry, W. E.  (1994). Sensitivity of Phytophthora infestans populations to Metalaxyl in Mexico: Distribution and Dynamics.  Plant Disease 78: 911-916.
  • Ko, Y. J., Goodwin, S. B., Dyer, A. T., Cohen, B. A., Ogoshi, A., Sato, N. and Fry, W. E. (1994). Migrations and displacements of Phytophthora infestans populations in east Asian countries. Phytopathology 84: 922-927.
  • Goodwin, S. B., Cohen, B. A., Deahl, K. L. and Fry, W. E. (1994). Migration from northern Mexico was the probable cause of recent genetic changes in populations of Phytophthora infestans in the United States and Canada. Phytopathology 84: 553-558.
  • Sujkowski, L. S., Goodwin, S. B., Dyer, A. T. and Fry, W. E. (1994). Increased genotypic diversity via migration and possible occurrence of sexual reproduction of Phytophthora infestans in Poland. Phytopathology 84: 201‑207.
  • Shtienberg, D., Raposo, R., Bergeron, S. N., Legard, D. E., Dyer, A. T. and Fry, W. E. (1994). Incorporation of cultivar resistance in a reduced‑sprays strategy to suppress early and late blights on potato. Plant Disease 78: 23‑26.
  • Goodwin, S. B. and Fry, W. E. (1994). Genetic analysis of interspecific hybrids between Phytophthora infestans and P. mirabilis. Exp. Mycol 18: 20‑32.

1993

  • Fry, W. E., Goodwin, S. B., Dyer, A. T., Matuszak, J. M., Drenth, A., Tooley, P. W., Sujkowski, L. S., Koh, Y. J., Cohen, B. A., Spielman, L. J., Deahl, K. L., Inglis, D. A., and Sandlan, K. P. (1993). Historical and recent migrations of Phytophthora infestans: chronology, pathways, and implications. Plant Disease 77: 653-661.
  • Drenth, A., Goodwin, S. B., Fry, W. E. and Davidse, L. C. (1993). Genotypic diversity of Phytophthora infestans in the Netherlands revealed by DNA polymorphism. Phytopathology 83: 1087‑1092.
  • Gu, W. K., Spielman, L. J., Matuszak, J. M., Aist, J. R., Bayles, C. J. and Fry, W. E. (1993). Measurement of nuclear DNA contents of Mexican isolates of Phytophthora infestans. Mycological Research 97: 857‑860.
  • Therrien, C. D., Tooley, P. W., Spielman, L. J., Fry, W. E., Ritch, D. L. and Shelly, S. E. (1993). Nuclear DNA content, allozyme phenotypes and metalaxyl sensitivity of Phytophthora infestans from Japan. Mycological Research 97: 945‑950.
  • Raposo, R., Wilks, D. S., and Fry, W. E. (1993).  Evaluation of potato late blight forecasts modified to include weather forecasts: A simulation analysis.  Phytopathology 83: 103-108.

1992

  • Goodwin, S.B., L. J. Spielman, J. M. Matuszak, S. N. Bergeron, and W. E. Fry. (1992). Clonal diversity and genetic differentiation of Phytophthora infestans populations in northern and central Mexico. Phytopathology 82: 955-961.
  • Parker, J. M., H. D. Thurston, M. J. Villarreal-Gonzalez, and W. E. Fry.  (1992).  Stability of disease expression in the potato late blight pathosystem: A preliminary field study.  Am. Potato J. 69: 635-644.
  • Goodwin, S. B., A. Drenth, and W. E. Fry.  (1992).  Cloning and genetic analyses of two highly polymorphic; moderately repetitive nuclear DNAs from Phytophthora infestansCurrent Genetics 22:107-115.
  • Spielman, L. J., B. J. McMaster, and W. E. Fry.  (1992).  Relationships among measurements of fitness and disease severity in Phytophthora infestansPlant Pathology 41: 327-324.

1991

  • Fry, W. E., Drenth, A., Spielman, L. J., Mantel, B. C., Davidse, L. C., and Goodwin, S. B.  (1991). Population genetic structure of Phytophthora infestans in the Netherlands.  Phytopathology 81: 1330-1336.
  • Spielman, L. J., Drenth, A, Davidse, L. C. Sujkowski, L. J., Gu, W. K., Tooley, P. W. and Fry, W. E.  (1991).  A second worldwide migration and population displacement of Phytophthora infestansPlant Pathology 40: 422-430.
  • Doster, M. A. & W. E. Fry.  (1991).  Evaluation by computer simulation of strategies to time metalaxyl applications for improved control of potato late blight.  Crop Protection 10: 209-214.

1990

  • Doster, M. A., M. G. Milgroom, & W. E. Fry.  (1990).  Quantification of factors influencing potato late blight suppression and selection for metalaxyl resistance in Phytophthora infestans: A simulation approach.  Phytopathology 81: 1190-1198.
  • Fry, W. E. & D. Shtienberg.  (1990).  Integration of host resistance and fungicide to manage potato diseases.  Can. J. Plant Pathology 12: 111-116.
  • Shtienberg, D. & W. E. Fry.  (1990).  Influence of host resistance and crop rotation on initial appearance of potato early blight.  Plant Disease 74: 849-852.
  • Shtienberg, D. & W. E. Fry.  (1990).  Field and computer simulation evaluation of spray-scheduling methods of control of early and late blight of potato.  Phytopathology 80: 772-777.
  • Pelletier, J. R. & W. E. Fry.  (1990).  Characterization of resistance to early blight in three potato cultivars: Receptivity.  Phytopathology 80: 361-366
  • Shtienberg, D. & W. E. Fry.  (1990).  Quantitative analysis of host resistance, fungicide, and weather effects on potato early and late blight using computer simulation models.  American Potato Journal 67: 277-286.
  • Shtienberg, D., S. N. Bergeon, A. G. Nicholson, E. E. Ewing, & W. E. Fry.  (1990). Development and evaluation of a general model for yield loss assessment in potatoes.  Phytopathology 80: 466-472.
  • Spielman, L. J., J. A. Sweigard, R. C. Shattock, and W. E. Fry.  1990.  The genetics of Phytophthora infestans:  segregation of allozyme markers in F2 and backcross progeny and the inheritance of virulence against potato resistance genes R2 and R4 in F1 progeny.  Exp. Mycol. 14: 57-69.

1989

  • Shtienberg, D., M. A. Doster, J. R. Pelletier, & W. E. Fry.  (1989).  Use of simulation models to develop a low risk strategy to suppress early and late blight in potato foliage.  Phytopathology 79: 590-595.
  • Spielman, L. J., B. J. McMaster, & W. E. Fry.  (1989).  Dominance recessiveness, and linkage of loci for virulence against potato and tomato in Phytophthora infestansTheoretical and Applied Genetics: 832-838.
  • Pelletier, J. R. & W. E. Fry.  (1989).  Characterization of resistance to early blight in three potato cultivars: incubation period, lesion expansion rate, and spore production.  Phytopathology 79: 511-517.
  • Doster, M. A., J. A. Sweigard, & W. E. Fry.  (1989).  The influence of host resistance and climate on the initial appearance on foliar late blight of potato from infected seed tubers.  Am. Potato J. 66: 227-233.

1988

  • Milgroom, M. G., C. E. McCulloch & W. E. Fry.  (1988).  Distribution and temporal dynamics of metalaxyl in potato foliage.  Phytopathology 78: 555‑559.
  • Milgroom, M. G. & W. E. Fry.  (1988).  A model for the effects of metalaxyl on potato late blight epidemics.  Phytopathology 78: 559‑565.
  • Milgroom, M. G. & W. E. Fry.  (1988).  A simulation analysis of the epidemiological principles for fungicide resistance management in pathogen populations.  Phytopathology 78: 565‑570.

1987

  • van Bruggen, A. H. C., M. G. Milgroom, J. F. Osmeloski, W. E. Fry, & J. S. Jacobson. (1987).  Attenuation of metalaxyl on potato leaves by simulated acidic rain and residence time. Phytopathology 77: 401‑406.
  • Milgroom, M. G., & W. E. Fry.  (1987).  A metalaxyl bioassay for large number of small foliar samples.  Phytopathology 77: 237‑240.

1986

  • Tooley, P. W., J. A. Sweigard, & W. E. Fry.  (1986).  Fitness and virulence of Phytophthora infestans isolates from sexual and asexual populations.  Phytopathology 76: 1209‑1212.
  • Shattock, R. C., P. W. Tooley, & W. E. Fry. (1986).  Genetics of Phytophthora infestans: Determination of recombination, segregation, and selfing by isozyme analysis.  Phytopathology 76: 410‑413.
  • Shattock, R. C., P. W. Tooley, & W. E. Fry. (1986).  Genetics of Phytophthora infestans: Characterization of single‑oospore cultures from A1 isolate induced to self by intraspecific stimulation.  Phytopathology 76: 407‑410.
  • Fry, W. E. & A. E. Apple.  (1986).  Disease management implications of age‑related changes in susceptibility of potato foliage to Phytophthora infestansAmerican Potato Journal 63: 47‑56.

1985

  • Tooley, P. W., W. E. Fry, & M. J. Villarreal Gonzalez.  (1985).  Isozyme characterization of sexual and asexual Phytophthora infestans populations. Journal of Heredity 76: 431‑435. 
  • Tooley, P. W. & W. E. Fry.  (1985).  Field assessments of fitness of isolates of Phytophthora infestansPhytopathology 75: 982‑988.

1984

  • Fohner, G. R., W. E. Fry, & G. B. White. (1984).  Computer simulation raises question about timing protectant fungicide application frequency according to a potato late blight forecast.  Phytopathology 74: 1145‑1147.
  • Spadafora, V. J., J. A. Bruhn, & W. E. Fry.  (1984).  Influence of selected protectant fungicides and host resistance on simple and complex potato late blight forecasts.  Phytopathology 74: 519‑523.
  • Fry, W. E., O. C. Yoder, & A. E. Apple.  (1984).  Influence of naturally-occurring marker genes on the ability of Cochliobolus heterostrophus to induce field epidemics.  Phytopathology 74: 175-178.

1983

  • Minogue, K. P. & W. E. Fry.  (1983).  Some models for the spread of disease in space:  model validation.  Phytopathology 73: 1173-1176.
  • Minogue, K. P. & W. E. Fry.  (1983).  Some models for the spread of disease in space: model description.  Phytopathology 73: 1168-1173.
  • Garber, R. C., W. E. Fry. & O. C. Yoder.  (1983).  Conditional field epidemics on plants:  A resource for research in population biology.  Ecology: 1653-1655.
  • Fry, W. E., A. E. Apple, & J. A. Bruhn.  (1983).  Evaluation of potato late blight forecasts modified to incorporate host resistance and fungicide weathering. Phytopathology 73: 1054-1059.
  • Paysour, R. E. & W. E. Fry.  (1983).  Interplot interference:  A model for planning field experiments with aerially disseminated pathogens. Phytopathology 73: 1014-1020.
  • James, R. V. & W. E. Fry.  (1983).  The potential for Phytophthora infestans populations to adapt to potato cultivars with rate-reducing resistance.  Phytopathology 73: 984-988.

1982 

  • Bruhn, J. A. & W. E. Fry.  (1982).  A mathematical model of the spatial and temporal dynamics of chlorothalonil residues in a potato canopy.  Phytopathology 71: 1306-1312.
  • Bruhn, J. A. & W. E. Fry.  (1982).  A statistical model of fungicide deposition in a potato canopy.  Phytopathology 72: 1301-1305.

1981

  • Minogue, K. P. & W. E. Fry.  (1981).  Effect of temperature, relative humidity, and rehydration rate on the germination of dried sporangia of Phytophthora infestansPhytopathology 71: 1181-1184.
  • Bruhn, J. A. & W. E. Fry.  (1981).  Analysis of potato late blight epidemiology via simulation modeling.  Phytopathology 71: 612.616.
  • Bruck, R. I., W. E. Fry, A. E. Apple, & C. C. Mundt.  (1981).  Effect of protectant fungicides on the developmental stages of Phytophthora infestans in potato foliage.  Phytopathology 71: 164-166.

1980

  • Fry, W. E.  (1980).  Integration of host resistance and pesticides to manage disease.  Protection Ecology 2: 259-264.
  • Rust, L. A., W. E. Fry & S. V. Beer.  (1980).  Hydrogen cyanide sensitivity in bacterial pathogens of cyanogenic and noncyanogenic plants.  Phytopathology 70: 1005-1008.
  • Fry, W. E. & H. D. Thurston.  (1980).  The relationship of plant pathology to integrated pest management.  BioScience 30: 665-669.
  • Bruck, R. I., W. E. Fry, & A. E. Apple.  (1980).  Effects of metalaxyl an acylalanine fungicide on developmental stages of Phytophthora infestansPhytopathology 70: 597-601.
  • Bruhn, J. A., W. E. Fry, and G. W. Fick.  (1980).  Simulation of daily weather data using theoretical probability distribution.  J. Appl. Meterology 19: 1029-1036.

1979

  • Fry, W. E., R. I. Bruck, & C. C. Mundt.  (1979).  Retardation of potato late blight epidemics by fungicides with eradicant and protectant properties.  Plant Dis. Rep. 63: 970-974.

1978

  • Myers, D. F. & W. E. Fry. (1978).  The development of Gloeocercospora sorghi in sorghum.  Phytopathology 68: 1147-1155.
  • Myers, D. F. & W. E. Fry.  (1978).  Hydrogen cyanide potential during pathogenesis of sorghum by Gloeocercospora sorghi or Helminthosporium sorghicolaPhytopathology 68: 1037-1041.
  • Fry, W. E.  (1978).  Quantification of general resistance of potato cultivars and fungicide effects for integrated control of potato late blight.  Phytopathology 68: 1650-1655.

1977

  • Fry, W. E. & P. H. Evans.  (1977).  Association of formamide hydro-lyase with fungal pathogenicity to cyanogenic plants.  Phytopathology 67: 1001-1006.
  • Fry, W. E.  (1977).  Integrated control of potato late blight -- Effects of polygenic resistance and techniques of timing fungicide applications.  Phytopathology 67: 415-420.

1975

  • Fry, W. E. & D. C. Munch.  (1975).  Hydrogen cyanide detoxification by Gloeocercospora sorghiPhysiol. Plant Pathol. 7: 23-33.
  • Fry, W. E.  1975.  Integrated effects of polygenic resistance and a protective fungicide on development of potato late blight.  Phytopathology 65:908-911.

1972

  • Fry, W. E. & R. L. Millar.  1972.  Cyanide degradation of an enzyme from Stemphylium loti.  Arch. Biochem. Biophys. 151:468-474.

1971

  • Fry, W. E. & R. L. Millar.  1971.  Development of cyanide tolerance in Stemphylium loti.  Phytopathology 71:501-506.
  • Fry, W. E. & R. L. Millar.  1971.  Cyanide tolerance in Stemphylium loti.  Phytopathology 61:494-500.